Mechanisms for introduction of foreign animal diseases include:

• A. All of the above
• B. Importation of animals and animal products
• C. Humans
• D. Wildlife movement

Answer: (A)

Foreign animal disease introduction can happen through several routes, including importation of animals and animal products, human-mediated spread, and movement of wildlife. Importing live animals or animal-derived materials can carry pathogens into a new region if proper screening, quarantine, or testing isn’t in place. Humans can unknowingly transfer pathogens via contaminated clothing, equipment, vehicles, or through close contact during trade, work, or travel. Wildlife movement brings pathogens across borders as migratory animals or during wildlife trade can introduce diseases and their vectors into new areas. Because each of these routes is a plausible mechanism for introducing foreign diseases, the option that includes all of them is the best answer.